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EN | Timeline – Antecedentes (Hasta 1937)

History

Timeline

Backgrounds (Until 1937)

3000 A.C
Invention of the Abacus

The Babylonians invent the abacus

1612 - 1614
Birth of logarithms

John Napier develops logarithms

1622
Slide rule

William Oughtred invents the circular slide rule based on the Napier’s logarithms

1642 - 1643
Creation of the Pascalina

Pascal builds the first mechanical machine to perform additions, called Pascaline

1666
Operational mechanical machine

Samuel Morland produces a mechanical machine capable of adding and subtracting

1674
Calculator construction

Gottfried Leibniz builds a stepped drum calculator

1801
Tapestry loom

The French mechanic, Joseph Marie Jacquard, creates a weaving loom controlled by a punch card system

1820
The arithmometer

Thomas de Colmar’s Arithmometer is presented at the French Academy of Sciences. It was the first mass-produced calculator and
was sold for several years

1822
Differential machine

Charles Babbage and Joseph Clement construct part of the Difference Engine

1829
Typewriter model

William Austin Burt patents the first typewriter in the United States

1834 - 1835
Analytical machine

Babbage designs the Analytical Engine. This mechanical device was capable of performing any mathematical operation following the instructions on
punched cards

1838
Telegraph system

Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail demonstrated all the elements of a telegraph system

1842 - 1843
Birth of programming

Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, proposes the first notions of programming for Babbage’s Analytical Engine

1844
First telegraphic message

Morse sends the first telegraph message between Washington and Baltimore

1854
First telegraphic message

George Boole publishes An Investigation the Laws of Thought, which was to lay the foundations of computer design

1861
Telegraphic connection

A coast-to-coast telegraph line is set up from the Atlantic to the Pacific

1876
The telephone

Alexander Graham Bell invents and patents the telephone

1889
Punch card machine

Herman Hollerith builds an electromechanical punch card machine. It was selected to tabulate the 1890 United States census

1895
First radio signal

Guglielmo Marconi transmits the first radio signal

1904
Vacuum diodes

John Fleming patents the diode

1906
Valves

Lee De Forest creates valves, adding a third electrode to Fleming’s diodes

1908
CRT

Campbell Swinton specifies the use of cathode ray tubes for television

1919
Flip-flop circuit

The physicists Eccles and Jordan invent the flip-flop electronic switching circuit

1920
The term Robot

The Czech Karel Kâpec, introduces the term robot

1924
Birth of IBM

Thomas J. Watson renames CTR (Calculating, Tabulating and Recording) as IBM (International Business Machines)

1929
Birth of IBM

The first colour TV signals are successfully transmitted

Cybernetics Principles

Norbert Wiener lists the basic principles of cybernetics

1935
Electric typewriter

IBM introduces an electric typewriter

1937
Lambda, programming language

Alan Turing demonstrates that Alonzo Church’s lambda calculus is a universal programming language

Electric adder

Claude Shannon publishes the principles of an electric adder to the base of two

Binary circuit

George Stibitz develops a binary circuit based on Boolean algebra

On Computable Numbers

Alan Turing publishes his paper On Computable Numbers, which sets out the ideas of his famous machine