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EN | Timeline – Segunda generación (1957 – 1964)

History

Timeline

Second generation (1957 - 1964)

1957
First compiler

John Backus and his team develop the first FORTRAN compiler (FORmula TRANslator) for use in the development of scientific applications at IBM

Construction of the Musasino I

Musasino I is built. Musasino I was a Japanese computer based on parametrons. Parametrons were invented by Eiichi Goto in 1954 and used as transistor substitutes

Control Data Foundation

The Control Data Corporation is set up

Fairchild Semiconductors Foundation

Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and others found Fairchild Semiconductor

Sputnik I goes into orbit

The Soviet Union puts Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite in history, into orbit. This marked the beginning of the Space Race

ARPA agency foundation

The United States establishes the ARPA agency (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in response to the launch of Sputnik I

Birth of MIT

John McCarthy sets up the Artificial Intelligence Department at MIT (USA)

1958
DEC company foundation

Two young engineers from MIT found the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in Maynard (Massachusetts)

Integrated circuit prototype

Working separately, Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor develop a prototype chip

Birth of the Modem

The Bell company develops the Modem (MOdulator-DEModulator), a device for transmitting digital digital binary data over the conventional analog telephone line

1959
LISP language

John McCarthy develops the LISP language (LISt Processing), designed for artificial intelligence applications

CODASYL Committee

The COmmittee on DAta SYstems Languages (CODASYL) is set up to develop COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)

Transistorized computer

NEC presents NEAC 2201, the first fully transistorized commercial computer, at the UNESCO AUTOMATH Show in Paris

First copier

Xerox releases the first photocopier on to the market

Computer architecture concept

Lyle R. Johnson introduces the concept of computer architecture into the design of the IBM 7000

Patent for integrated circuits

Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore file a patent application for their integrated circuit technology

1960
Packet switching principle

Paul Baran develops the groundwork of packet switching for data transmission

Creation of AlGOL-60

ALGOL-60 is developed. ALGOL-60 was the first standard language created by an international Committee and introduced structured programming

Creation of the Perceptron

Frank Rosenblatt of Cornell University (USA) develops the perceptron, a model capable of learning by trial and error

The GAMMA 60 is launched

Bull launches GAMMA 60 with multiprogramming capacity

Introduction of the PDP-1

DEC introduces PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor), the first minicomputer

First MOS transistor

Kang and Atalla of Bell Labs build the first MOS transistor

1961
First SIMO fair

The first International ICT Services and Solutions Trade Fair (SIMO) is held in Madrid

High-speed computer marketing

High-speed computers --IBM 7030, UNIVAC 1107, Honeywell 800, CDC 3600 and ATLAS— come on to the market

First industrial robot

Georg C. Devol patents a robotic device that Unimation marketed as the first industrial robot. It was used to manufacture TV tubes

Time-sharing procedure

Fernando Corbató of MIT develops a procedure whereby multiple users share computer usage time. It was known as time-sharing

First integrated circuit

Fairchild Semiconductor sells the first integrated circuit

1962
First music software

Max V. Mathews leads a group at Bell Labs developing software that can synthesize, store and edit music

Computer Science Departments

The Universities of Stanford and Purdue establish the first Departments of Computer Science

First Video Game

Steve Russell, a MIT student, develops the first computer game

First transatlantic transmission

The Telstar satellite makes the first transatlantic transmission of TV images

Construction of the ATLAS

The world's most powerful computer, ATLAS, is unveiled in England. It included a virtual memory and pipeline structures

1963
First system with intelligence

Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT develops his computer psychologist Eliza, a seemingly intelligent system

Birth of the ASCII code

The American National Standards Institute accepts 7-bit ASCII code for information exchange

Diffuse logic

Lofti Zadeh starts his work on fuzzy logic at the University of Berkeley

SAGE system

The SAGE system (Semi-Automated Ground Environment) is built for military defence. The estimated project cost was between eight and twelve billion dollars

1964
Birth of Moore's Law

The founder of Intel Gordon Moore foretells that the number of components in an integrated circuit would double every 18 months. This became known as Moore's Law

BASIC development

John Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz develop BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) at Dartmouth College

First compatible computers

IBM launches the 360 system, first series of compatible computers

Mouse birth

Dought Engelbart invents the mouse

First commercial supercomputer

CDC 6600 comes on the market. Designed by Seymour Cray and regarded as the first commercial supercomputer, it reached speeds of 9 megaflops

SABER application

IBM completes the SABRE flight booking application